The Role of Popular Music in Transforming Conflict and Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5866 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract Can popular music play a role in conflict transformation and peacebuilding? This kind of question has started to generate a great deal of debate for peacebuilding scholars and pracitioners.   Most of the recent works have focused on the role of art as a whole without looking at particular form of art or particular genre within one form of art like music and assessing its contributions to creating a peaceful society. This paper is an attempt to show only the role popular music can play. It based on a research undertaken in Gulu town in northern Uganda. Findings show that music is playing a supporting role which is either little known or less recognized. In this paper, I argue that popular music is playing a significant role. I discuss how popular music is contributing and fostering conditions of conflict transformation and peacebuilding while relying on document analysis, examinations of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“peace musicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? lyrics, field interviews and focus group discussion with the government officials, formerly LRA soldiers, musicians and the civilian population. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Role of Popular Music in Transforming Conflict and Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda." essay for you Create order A. Background to Northern Uganda conflict Northern Uganda has been in conflict for over two decades. This conflict is between the government of Uganda (GoU) and the Lordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Resistance Army (LRA).The conflict is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“rooted in a popular rebellion against the President Yoweri Musevenià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s government.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[2] but when she was defeated in 1987, Joseph Kony took over the mantle of leadership. He transformed the HSM into the LRA and with support of the Government of Sudan in Khartoum; the LRA have been able to cause destruction on the civilian population in northern Uganda. The causes of the conflict are rooted in historical and immediate factors. These includes: The British colonial legacy which divided the north and south. Failure of the President Museveni to honor peace accord he signed in Nairobi in 1985 and finally the NRA violence inflicted on the Acholi when Museveni took over[3]. Since 1993, there have been numerous peace talksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ efforts to end the conflict but all failed to bring a lasting peace because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lack of firm political will behind a negotiation strategy and the LRAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s turn to Sudan for arms re-supplies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[7] The most recent attempt to end the conflict has been the Juba Peace Talks in 2006. This peace talks was held in Juba, the capital of South Sudan and it was mediated by Dr. Riek Machar, Sudanese vice president assisted by UN Special Envoy Joachim Chissano. In this peace talks, all four items of the agenda were signed[8]. But the final peace agreement has not been signed. The notorious leader of the LRA refused to sign the final peace agreement thus throwing the peace process in doubt. This led to a military offensive on LRA by the three countries: Uganda, Sudan and DRC and means the collapse of the peace talks. Peace building initiatives? Currently in northern Uganda, there is relative peace because the LRA have been weakened by the combined military offensive of the three nations. Many civilian populations in the 53 camps in northern Uganda are returning to their villages to rebuild their lives. Both the government and nongovernmental organizations are putting infrastructures: schools, roads and health centers to assist the former victims of conflicts resettle. But there are mixed feeling among the population whether they will have a lasting peace or not since not final peace agreement has been signed by the conflict parties. One of the key issues in northern Uganda during this transition is how to ensure victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ justice but à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Most prioritize peace over justice and show signs of reluctance countenance question of accountability.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[10] Since 2005, GoU through the Amnesty Commission have been working to resettle many LRA the ex-combatants and supported communityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approaches to local methods for forgiveness, peacebuilding and reconciliation. B. Background to role of Music in Acoli society In Acoli society, music occupies a central place. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Music is the lifeblood of the society.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[15] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Musicians and dancers were highly valued and admired for their skill and their ability to entertain.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[20]. Music in Acoli was mainly by an individual or a group singing and playing musical instrument like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“lokeme (thumb piano), ajar, a metal percussion instrument, and sometimes the smaller drums (bul).à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[22] Rise of Popular Peace Music in Northern Uganda As the war in northern Uganda escalated, this was a proof that the conflicting parties had failed to resolve their grievances. There was total breakdown in communication between the parties. This resulted into lack of confidence and understanding of each party.[24]. This music is produced in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“modernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? studios across northern Uganda. Voices are produced on computer aided beats. There is wide use of modern musical instruments in the music. The lyrics are directed to the government, LRA and occasionally to the civilian population in northern Uganda, other parts of Uganda and the diasporas and international community. As many as 70-100 peace songs are produced annually[29]. C. Literature Review In the last decade, there have been some attempts to show that music can be used in peacebuilding.[32] The shortage of literature on the impact of music for conflict transformation and peacebuilding remains is a serious concern because stakeholders are constrained from making an informed decision on music can function as a tool of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. Perhaps the most groundbreaking work on music and peacebuilding to date is: Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics.[35] Additionally, June Boyce illustrates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“several models useful when considering the link between music and peaceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and finally Johan Galtung reveals how music can be used for peace. He investigates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the uplifting and uniting power music.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Ledarachà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Moral Imagination: the Art and Soul of Peacebuilding[36], empathizes use of creativity in peacebuilding. He used a number of examples to support his arguments about art and peacebuilding. Finally, Lisa Schirchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ritual and Symbols in Peacebuilding also supports the view of creativity in peacebuilding.[39] There are some articles which show the prospect of using music in peacebuilding. Michael Shank and Lisa Schirch,[42] Their analysis justifies the role of art while at the same time it is useful for informing peacebuilders on what kind of art to employ and at what stage of conflict. Lesley Pruitt explores how music can contribute to positive peace[44] She adds that music and dance can lead to development of new identity by both the artists and audience and it is this new identity can help in process of dialogue. Therefore, artists through their music can act as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mediatorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? because they create new identities and ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s this new identity that can foster dialogue between the conflicting parties. Additionally, Alba Sanfeliu[45] discusses the role of music in peacebuilding. She remarks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Music is an eloquent language that allows us to express what is happening around us in many senses, and to reflect the times and the situation in which we live. It is inseparable from our social, political, economic and cultural reality.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? She adds that music is also a form of communication. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Lyrics strengthen the message that the author wants to express, emphasizing the sense of the song.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Mores specially she touches on role of popular music and states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“many singers and groups have composed songs with themes related to peace, personally becoming involved by giving concerts in solidarity with various social causes and making their music into a kind of spokesman and instrument for peace.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? She concludes by arguing for further exploration of music as a tool for conflict transformation. Finally, In conclusion, the reviewed works provide interesting insights into the role of art in general on conflict transformation and peacebuilding but there are not sufficient enough in explaining how specific genre like music and in particular, popular music contributes to conflict transformation and peacebuilding. To begin with, most of the studies done on role of music were based on document reviews and this makes it very difficult to reflect the true situation on the ground. Additionally, the reviewed works widely focus on art or music as a whole. None focuses on popular music. Finally, these studies were based on realities in different parts of the world some of which are significantly different from those in northern Uganda. This study attempts to show the impact of popular music on the conflicting parties in northern Uganda and how this has helped in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in northern Uganda. D. Purpose and Methods of the Study Research was carried out in Gulu Municipality and 2 internally displaced persons (IDP) camps of Amuru and Odek[49]. In all the three locations[51]. Interview guides were open-ended and gave respondents opportunity to speak out his/her mind. This was preferred in order to get more information about knowledge, attitudes and opinions of people about the role popular music in peacebuilding. There were 5 focus group discussions with 30 people (23 were former LRA soldiers and five female) to understand peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perspective about the role popular music can or has played in peacebuilding[52]. The discussions were freely moderated by the researcher and every participant freely expressed their views during the discussions. Finally, all accessible relevant literatures on the topic were reviewed. These data were got from various libraries including Gulu University, Human Rights Focus, Gulu Public Library and Hesburgh library. E. Impact of Music in Northern Uganda Music and conflict has have long been connected but the role music can play in conflict transformation and peacebuilding have not long been studied although there are new and emerging work in the field[53]. Therefore, to assert that music can transform conflict and promote peacebuilding may be an exaggeration but also failure to recognize the role that music can play in conflict transformation and peacebuilding would again be an understatement facts. From results of focus group discussions and interviews with government officials in Northern Uganda, one can argue that music is playing a supporting role to the conflict transformation and peacebuilding in northern Uganda. Popular music is contributing by: Reaching the government leaders with messages to engage in the peace process, recognizing the government efforts while demanding for a speedy end to peace process, portraying the government failures through comparison of the Acoli society before and after the war thus making the government leaders to work for amendments and finally popular music has become a tool of communication that is now a constant reminder for government about its obligations for peace. a. Government In northern Uganda, popular music is being used to reach both government leaders to engage in peaceful resolution of the conflict. This has been carefully done through name dropping[58]. The impact of name dropping is found to create pressure on some leaders to use their positions to engage in peace process with the LRA because musicians represent the voice of the people. This makes the leaders reach out to the president asking for peaceful engagements with the LRA. According to one government leader: Northern Uganda is a small region. Each time musicians call my name in their songs, I feel I compelled to work for peace. The songs communicate to me personally. It appeals to me in a special way. It portrays me as a leader who can do something for my people. This creates the motivations for me to work for peace. To me, a voice of one musician is a voice of the people suffering in the internally displaced peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s camps[59] Therefore, name dropping has been an effective way of pushing some of the leaders to work for their people. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is a push factor for the leaders. It asks nothing from them but to use their position for the sake of the suffering people.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[60] Name dropping has an appropriate appeal for different leaders at a personal level to seek an end to conflict. This appeal is compounded by the fact that the songs are in the language the leaders understand, the leaders are widely known in the region and the songs brings out rich, truthful and powerful issues that goes on in the life of their own people. This motivates some leaders to engage in peacebuilding. Additionally, in a politically hostile region to the current NRM government[68]. This is summed up in one statement by former internally displaced man: When politicians in our community are openly praised by musicians in their songs, this sets the bar so high for politicians and their party because the songs are played on the FM stations across the northern Uganda. This is not only praises and recognition for their work, politicians know that as voters we use the same songs to judge them and hence some are working very hard for peace.[69] Given an environment like northern Uganda, which has been unfriendly to the current government because of the long running conflict, people have genuine grievances again their government[72] It recognizes and praises politicians and the government, while at the same time it sets a target for them to achieve thus leading to engagement of some political leaders in the peace process. Furthermore, the religious leaders have also not been spared by the popular artists. They have also been singled out for commitment to peace in northern Uganda and asked to do more in their capacity. Musicians like Bosmic Otim, one of the first popular artists to emerge in northern Uganda in early 2000 with very high popularity went on in his song, Too Paco, to appreciate one religious leader for his extra-ordinary courage and commitment on working for peace. He points out the impact of the war on the Acoli society. He suggests to the government to adopt the non-violent strategy of the religious leaders. He calls for a non-violence strategy because failure of the military strategy which has inflicted great pain on the civilian population. He goes on in his lyrics to say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s see example from Nelson Mandela who fought for peace non violent, let us see example from Bishop Mark Baker Ochola, who is emphasizing talk peace because war increases the death tollà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Such a creative way of sending peace messages by the popular artists have been effective. Popular music have been able to communicate peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s desire for peace to the religious leaders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Popular music has become additional call to protect their flocks from wolves.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[76]. Furthermore, popular musicians have used their songs as a comparative tool for northern Uganda especially Acoli society. This comparison is based on looking back at Acoli society before the war and comparing it with the society during war. This evokes images of past governments as more successful than the current regime[79]. Some popular songs are explicit imagery of government failure.[82]   This careful manipulation of music to compare Acoli societies is disastrous for the image of the government and NRM political leadership. It has compelled some government leaders to do more to save its image by protecting its citizens while at the same time creating a task that peace is the ultimate goal the government has to achieve in order to avoid comparisons with the past regimes. Dida Moses, in his song Too Oroma-wa, ask a rhetorical question and goes to show the suffering, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Our people, spiritual leaders what do we do? War that started since has not ended, Strong homes have collapsed, Seeing people run for their lives is painfulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Cutting peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legs, killing is so painful, Children are suffering, children sleep hungry, Children sleep with blankets, children do go to school, Today I pray to God, the rate of death is too muchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? In some of these songs, the government commitment to northern Uganda is questioned indirectly. The reference to pre-Acoli society invokes images of better days of freedom, schooling, ability to meet basic needs and above all a peaceful society under previous government.[84]. This creates a drive for leaders to engage more in peace talks in order to deliver peace, the ultimate wish of the people. Finally, popular music is being used to communicate and remind government of its obligation for peace in a region where people seem to have given up after two decades of war and accepted the status quo. Musicians have not given up. They have continued to remind the government and create awareness about the war in northern Uganda, nationally and internationally.   Popular music is a constant à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“burdenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and reminder to Acoli government leaders.[86] These peace concerts bring popular artists from all over the country in northern Uganda to sing for peace and fundraise for the IDP communities. In April 2004 feted Ugandan musician Jose Chameleone teamed up with Richard Kaweesa, another renowned Ugandan musician, in a peace restoration project called [87] In these musical concerts nothing else is sung about but peace.[90] Therefore, popular music has become medium of reminding the government on what people wants while at the same time creating awareness and building a coalition for peace in the northern Uganda which generates public pressure on the government to seek an alternative to the conflict As a result of this constant reminder and call to the government and LRA for peace, the governments of Uganda and South Sudan have come to recognize the role of music in conflict transformation and peacebuilding thus exhibiting the power of popular music in northern Uganda. In 2005, Loketo Lee, was recognized for his outstanding contributions to the peace process. His contribution was first felt outside his own country-Uganda to Southern Sudan and Sudanese vice president, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Salvar Kiirà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦handed Loketo Lee a Peace Award for his contribution, through his music, to the countrys peace process.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[93]. This points to the role music can in a musically responsive society like northern Uganda. b. Lordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Resistance Army In northern Uganda, popular music is being used for informing and educating the LRA on amnesty[95] These musical messages have had some impact on LRA through the radio. According to one participant, a former LRA foot soldier: Mega FM has been useful for amnesty messages. The religious leaders and also some songs were very influential in letting us know what amnesty was all about. When our leaders realized we were listening to amnesty messages whether talk shows or music, they stopped us and whoever was found was punished severely. From the perspective of some formerly abducted children interviewed, popular music on the FM stations particularly Mega FM proved to have been effective in disseminating amnesty information. Consequently, some LRA fighters were able to return home. This statement by the former LRA solders is corroborated by Boniface Ojok, in his remarks about the impact of radio communication to the LRA. On realizing that they were reducing in numbers, the LRA leadership discouraged its middle ranking commanders and foot soldiers from listening to radios. Many of the former LRA rebels we talked to said that when the LRA realized that radios were becoming so effective in luring the midlevel commanders and foot soldiers, a warning was issued that radios should be used only by the top leadership[96] Popular music therefore is being used to communicate important messages for the LRA. These messages are effective in informing and educating the LRA. To some former child soldiers, popular artist had become their role models. Some agreed to being persuaded by popular musicians. Their songs about amnesty and asking them to abandon the rebellion was informative and as well as appealing to them to come out of the bush[97]. Additionally, popular musical is helping in confidence building among the LRA.[100]   These cases have been used as propaganda by the LRA leadership to deter foot soldiers from returning but popular artists have razed this propaganda. Strong message for brotherhood, reconciliation, forgiveness and welcome have been sung by the musician including making a personal call to the LRA top leadership about their safety on return. Artists like Baby Dalvin, believes that amnesty from the government without further assurance from civilian population was not enough for the LRA to return.   The LRA fighters were aware of the pardon through the amnesty but they did not know how the civilian populations in the camps would be reacting to them. Government assurance from prosecutions was not enough. Artists had to step in and assure the LRA fighters about their safety from the civilian populations. Popular music was able to fill the void left by the government. Popular music sent assurances about safety and that people are willing to reconcile with them. These have been able to restore some level of confidence in the LRA. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Some artists have even called the LRA fighters as brothers and for Acoli people when someone has called you a brother that is best assurance of acceptance without revenge.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[102] Similarly, when the leaders of the LRA were indicted by International Criminal Court, its impact was expected on the peace process.[105] Such opposition of the external forces to the peace process has been cited to create confidence on the LRA because they feel the masses and the government are willing to save them ICC prosecutions. Thus the artists have been able to add their voice to already a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hostileà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? region to ICC creating a feeling of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“safetyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? among some LRA from the government and people in northern Uganda. Furthermore, the role popular music is playing today is a replica of the role songs played in Acoli traditional community. Traditionally, songs were used to entertain and teach. Leaders with unruly behaviors were mocked.[107] This role of music still lives on in the popular music today. Popular artists have not downplayed the atrocities the LRA have committed in the two decades. Lyrics reflect LRA atrocities and challenge the LRA. Popular music have exposed the atrocities and blamed the LRA. Artists have reacted to what they see as contrary to societal values. In northern Uganda, both the government and the LRA have been seeking to dehumanize and blame each for the atrocities but many popular artists have blamed LRA and asked them to end atrocities. Towngweno, in their song, Bedo I camp, hits the LRA à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“everyone is talking with name, what popularity are you seeking? Orphans, widows are becoming many because of you!   Why do you want to finish Acoli?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Such songs not only expose but also strike guilt for atrocities among the LRA[112] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I am alone now! What can I say? I am now alone in our home! What can I say? I now have no mother, No sister, No brother, No father, No uncle, War has finished all the sons and daughters of Acolià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? According to another respondent, a former rebel, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“popular music have summed up what has happened and if you have carried such atrocities you feel compelled to lay down your gun and come and ask for apologies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[114] Finally, popular artists have used their music to frame the conflict in a way that affects the LRA positively forcing them to reconsider peace.[116] The framing has changed perceptions and made information relevant and persuasive to the LRA. The framing is based on the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defeatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the LRA in the war. To many people interviewed, the conflict should have been ended if the government had pursued peaceful means[120] in his songs, Dok Paco, he plays with the notion of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“defeat.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? He calls the LRA to negotiate with the government. He says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“negotiating does not mean you are defeatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to dispel the myth defeat.   Additionally, Bosmic Otim frames the conflicts on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the LRA. While the LRA claims to be fighting for marginalization of people in northern Uganda, they are at the same time committing gruesome violence on the people. Bosmic, in his song Peace Returns, he says à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If a government soldier dies tomorrow, you will find an Acoli, if a LRA soldier diesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you will find an Acoli.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? His framing reinforces the view that one tribe is finishing itself meaning there is no point in continuing the fight. These framings help in changing perceptions. It can be very persuasive. According to former rebels, they cited two impacts. First, they have been persuaded by this framing which made some rebels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ready to move to another life?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?[121] Secondly, they have been able to see the reality of the conflict and its impact. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We were able to see the other side of the coin.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? This frame has made some large-scale changes in society. Concluding Observations Music has some problems too. There are in fights among some popular musicians and this has sometimes affected their position in society as peacebuilder. There have been incidences of popular artist fighting and how can they talk for peace if they are involved in violence. This is simply because of public rating people give to the peace songs. This has resulted into creating camps among the popular artist leading t to in fights. Additional, commercial interest of some musicians and recording artists has overshadowed peace music. Many times they are diverted from real issues and forced to sing what the government wants or because their promoters have already got money. This causes diversion and hence reduction in the peace messages in northern Uganda Furthermore, some upcoming popular artist stated that there is alot of politics of the FM stations which only play music from recognized artists leaving them to suffer and languishing with their peace songs. Some artist suggested that music managers at the FM stations ask them lump sum money to include their songs on their playlist. This limits the peace songs to only a few and popular artist leaving out some upcoming musicians. This sometimes kills the potential of young artist who could be having genuine interest in promoting peacebuilding in the region. Finally, artists also expressed fear at the government. Some artist believe they cannot confront the government because they fear for the lives and fear that FM stations will not play their songs and this limits them from being neutral and hence affecting their reputation and neutrality in the songs. In spite of these limitations, there are also a number of arguments why popular music is still effective in conflict transformation and peacebuilding in the case of northern Uganda. To begin with, in considering that music can contribute to peacebuilding, one has to look at the cultural context. In northern Uganda has been sued since time in memorial..Therefore, this provides a best opportunity to use music further for peacebuilding. Secondly, within music, there are more than songs. There is communication, rhythm and movement which when combined becomes a very powerful gesture for peace. In listening to music and watching videos, one can see that these are very effective in reinforcing There is very good creativity and understanding of the local context by musicians. The use of name dropping was suggested by one politician as the most effective way Finally, the popular music is very relevant to local issues in northern Uganda. Music and power especially electoral democracy In this article, only a limited number of songs, most of which come from the musical genre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bongo Flavaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have been described. There are undoubtedly songs about AIDS from other types of music, including gospel music that may be influential. Nevertheless, the songs described here do provide insight into the promise held by utilizing musicians as popular opinion leaders and song as a medium not only to convey important health information, but also as a mechanism for triggering social and behavior changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.SHERI BASTIEN [122] 4 [(]* Is a MA candidate at the University of Notre Dame. He earned a B.A. in Humanities from Makerere University. He also holds a Post-graduate diploma in Conflict Management and Peace Studies and a Post-graduate diploma in Education from Gulu University. He has served as an Information Officer for a relief organization and a health communication group. Recently, he worked for the Norwegian Refugee Council as communication and Monitoring and Evaluation Manager. He has conducted many researches on the role of the media in conflict transformation in northern Uganda. [1] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [2] See Behrend, Heike, Alice Lakwena and the Holy Spirits: War in Northern Uganda, 1985-97 (James Currey, Oxford 1999) [3] See Allen, Tim, 1991, Understanding Alice: Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Holy Spirit Movement in Context. Africa, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 370-399. Branch, Adam, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Neither Peace, nor Justice: Political Violence and the Peasantry in Northern Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2005) 8(2) African Study Q 1, [4] Lomo, Zachary and Hovil, Lucy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Behind the Violence: Causes, Consequences and the Search for Solutions to the War in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Refugee Law Project Working Paper No. 11 (February 2004), p43 https://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a3f8d3c1e.html [accessed 21 January 2010] [6] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [7] See Justice and Reconciliation Project, Cooling of the Hearts: Community Truth Telling in Acholi-land,   2007, 6 https://www.csopnu.net/?jc=juba [accessed 21 January 2010] [9] Moses Cyprus Okello and Lucy Hovil, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Confronting the Reality of Gender Based Violence in Northern Uganda,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1(3) 2007: 375-390. [10] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [11] Interviews with a 67 year old in Odek, 27 December 2009 [12] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [13] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [14] Schumann, Anne à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Beat that Beat Apartheid: The Role of Music in the Resistance against Apartheid in South Africa,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Stichproben. Wiener Zeitschrift fÃÆ' ¼r kritische Afrikastudien Nr. 14/2008, 8. Jg., 17à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?39 p:2 [15] Kaiser, Tania 2006. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Songs, Discos and Dancing in Kiryandongo, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 32, no. 2, March 2006, pp. 183à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"202, pp184 [16] Ibid 188 [17] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [18] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [19] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [20] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [21] Kaiser, Tania, pp 7 [22] Kaiser, Tania, pp 7 [23] Interviews with a leader, Odek, 27 December 2009 [24] Interviews with a musician, Gulu Town, 3rd January 2010 [25] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [26] There are 5 radio stations in Gulu [27] There are 10 recording studio in Gulu [28] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [29] Interviews with a studio owner in Gulu Town, 23rd December 2009 [30] Olivier Urbain, ed., Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics. London: I. B. Tauris, 2008 [31] Michael Shrank and Lisa Schirch 217 [32] Playing for the crowd 274 [33] Oliver Music and Conflict Transformation: Harmonies and Dissonances in Geopolitics [34] Olivier Urbain 7 [35] Olivier Urbain 32 [36] John Paul Ledarach. The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace (New York: Oxford Press, 2005). [37] Lisa Schirch. Ritual and Symbol in Peacebuilding (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). [38] Lisa Schirch, pp 42 [39] Lisa Schirch, pp 44 [40] Michael Shrank and Lisa Schirch [41] Michael Shanks and Lisa Schirch, pp219 [42] Michael Shanks and Lisa Schirch , pp223 [43] Lesley Pruitt, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“They Drop Beats, Not Bombs: Music and Dance in Youth Peace-Buildingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Australian Journal of Peace Studies, vol 3 2008: 14-32,pp 3 [44] Lesley Pruitt, pp5 [45] Alba Sanfeliu, A paper presented to the first meeting of the ICTM study group Applied Ethnomusicology, conference Historical and Emerging Approaches to Applied Ethnomusicology (Ljubljana, Slovenia 9 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 13 July 2008)   [46] The researcher lived and worked in Gulu. He speaks the language of the respondents [47] The studios include: [48] FM radio stations are: [49] Odek is 47 Km and Koch Goma is 17 Km [50] Odek, Koch Goma and Gulu Municipality [51] There were 15 government leaders and 8 workers for NGOS [52] There were 18 males and 12 female for the FGDs and a total of 4 girls were former LRA soldiers [53] See Lederach, J.P. (2005) The Moral Imagination: The Art and Soul of Building Peace. Oxford University Press., Taylor, P. (2003). Applied Theatre: Creating Transformative Encounters in the Community. Heinemann Drama. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name-dropping [55] Interviews with Baby Dalvin, Director Baby-Dalvin Studios, 23 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda. [56] Ibid [57] Interviews with Baby Dalvin, Director Baby-Dalvin Studios, 23 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [58] There are many station in radio station in northern Uganda and various statistics put the number between 20-30 FM stations but one most popular radio is 102 Mega FM which was set by for conflict resolution by DFID [59] Interviews with senior government official involved in the peace talks with the LRA, 23 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [60] Ibid https://www.ifra-nairobi.net/resources/cahiers/Cahier_41/4Bwana.pdf [62]Musicians like Loketo Lee, have produced praised songs for government involvement in the peace process. In his song, he motions the government delegation and asks people to support their efforts in bringing peace in northern Uganda. [63] Ibid [64] Interviews with Acan Dorothy, Odek IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [65] Interviews with senior government official involved in the peace talks with the LRA, 23 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [66] Interviews [67] Interviews with Otto Mathew, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [68] Ibid [69] Ibid [70] Ibid [71] Bosmic Otim songs for Museveni [72] Interviews with Oloya Paul, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda [73] Interviews with Okello Mark, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [74] Interviews [75] Interviews [76] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [77] Interviews with Otto Mathew, Cwero IDP camp, Gulu District, Uganda. [78] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [79] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [80] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [81] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [82] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [83] Oboteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government were cited to be good [84] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [85]Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda [86] This implied better to have Christmas early in August when there is relative peace than wait till December when people are unsure of government ability to provide peace https://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/Arts.asp?ID=395 [88] Interviews with a government official, 27 December, 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda https://parlorsongs.org/issues/2004-4/thismonth/feature.php [90] Interviews with Okodi Emma, Radio Producer, Mega FM, 28 June 2009, Gulu Town, Uganda Interviews [91] See The New Vision, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Leading Daily, October 4th,2008 accessed online 17th.December, 2009 https://allafrica.com/stories/200810060562.html [92]See The New Vision, Ugandaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Leading Daily, October 4th,2008 accessed online 17th.December, 2009 https://allafrica.com/stories/200810060562.html https://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=77168 [94] Amnesty in Uganda was [95] Music and Arts in Action/Ugo Corte Bob Edwards 2008 | ISSN: 1754-7105 | Page 8 [96] Ojok Boniface [97] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [98] Confidence building isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [99] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [100] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [101] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [102] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [103] ICC issueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..The LRA have been indicted by the ICC and this has been suggested as a major stumbling block for the peace talks at Juba in South Sudan [104] This is the PAM awards whichà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. [105]Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [106]Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [107] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [108] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [109] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [110] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [111] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [112] Interviews, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [113] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [114] They drop beats 4 [115] Music and Arts in Action/Ugo Corte Bob Edwards 2008 | ISSN: 1754-7105 | Page 9 https://www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/4/0/0/6/p40064_index.html https://www.istr.org/conferences/bangkok/WPVolume/Kasaija.ApuuliPhillip.pdf p5 [118] Focus Group Discussions, 27 December, 2009, Gulu District, Uganda. [119] Interviews [120] His story of how he lost his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦see the new Vision [121] Kathy Bon, Emily Tynes, Henry Griggs, Phil Sparks, Strategic Communications for Nonprofit, Step by step Guide to working with Media, Jossey-Bass Publishers, p 44. [122] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Pride appears to have motivated individuals to exert greater effort on a taxing task due to their receiving social acclaim.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? P 4 Williams, L. A., DeSteno, D. (2008). Pride and perseverance: The motivational role of pride. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(6), 1007-1017.

The 8 Steps Of Kotter s 8 Step Change Model - 1089 Words

A paper discussing positive change John P. Kotter’s 8 step change model. Why are change initiatives so difficult. Many times People s reaction to change relies upon their understanding or idea about change . Furthermore, according to their perception it is in their advantage they do not have any problems with accepting it . If it is unimportant or irrelevant to them, they have an attitude of unbiased towards change. If they tend to believe there is some kind of loss to them, they react to it. Moreover, the loss can be concerning their direct value or it can be concerning them having to make some changes in the way they tend to work or adjusting/adapting a different technique of doing the same. Hence, change initiatives are at times†¦show more content†¦It is also important for use to create a milestone plan or strategy as we have done for all our projects/assignments. At this time, it is in execution. 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Safeguarding Abuse and Children Free Essays

Level 3 Assessment Unit 4: Understand how to safeguard the welfare of children and young people Y/601/1695 Credit Value 3 Your details |Name: Jatinder Kaur Randhawa |School: Willow Primary School | |OCR Candidate Number: |Date: | Scenario |You have been asked by your line manager to research the subject of safeguarding the welfare of children and young people to provide a booklet for newly appointed staff. The booklet will be the | |underpinning knowledge for the training that staff receive from the line manager | | | |Your colleague will rely on you for accurate knowledge to enable colleagues to understand: | | | |the main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding CYP | |the importance of working in partnership with other organisations to safeguard CYP | |the importance of ensuring CYP’s safety and protection in the work setting | |how to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been abused or harmed | |how to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been bullied | |how to work with CYP to support their safety and well being |understand the importance of e-safety for CYP | | | |The information you provide could be in any form and could include written information, diagrams, tables and illustrations. Use the structure below to produce the material your colleague has | |asked you to create. We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding: Abuse and Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now You must cover each of the assessment criteria. | |Section 1: The main legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding CYP | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |1. Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within our own UK Home nation affecting the safeguarding of CYP | |1. 2 Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding CYP | |1. 3 Analyse how national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with CYP | |1. 4 Explain when and why inquiries and serious case reviews are required and how the sharing of the finding informs practice | |1. Explain how the processes used by your own work setting or service comply with legislation that covers data protection, information handling and sharing | | | |Ans1. 1: Current legislation that supports the safeguarding of children and young persons is: Children Act 1933, Childre n Act 1989, Children Education Act 2002, Children Act 2004 and Children Act 2006. | |The Children Act 1933: Offences against children or young people listed or treated as schedule 1 to the children and young people Act 1933 | |Offences under the CYP Act 1933 |S1: Cruelty (including assault; ill-treatment, neglect, abandonment or exposure in a manner likely to cause unnecessary suffering or injury to health) to a CYP under 16. | |S3: Allowing a child or young person under 16 to be in a brothel. | |S4: Causing or allowing a child or young person under 16 to be used for begging. | |S11: Exposing a child under 12 to risk of burning. | |The Children Act1989: Set out principles to guide work of local authorities and courts and also defined ‘significant harm’ and a child ‘in need’ of intervention. | |The Children Act 1989: This Act states that a child’s welfare is paramount when the child’s upbringing is concerned. It states what the local authoriti es should do to protect the child. The local authorities are | |charged with a duty to provide services for children in need and also their families. | | | |The Children Education Act 2002: Its based upon the way school or places of educations is run or required proper things for education like, school, governors LAs, and FE colleges to take steps to safeguard and | |promote welfare. | |The Children Act 2004: Provides the legal basis for children’s services set out in the EVERY CHILD MATTERS: like Carrying daily activities with the children so as to maximise their opportunities whilst minimising | |their risk. | | | | | | |The Children Act 2006: Is the first piece of legislation that is primarily concerned with (EY)and children and introduces the (EYFS) which supports settings in delivering high quality integrated early education. | | | |Other acts include: The protection of Children Act 1999: Our school bond by 1st thing (CRB) they checked when u join a school. (CRB) means Criminal Record Bureau holds data a nd checks all who will work with CYP. | | | |Health and Safety at work Act 1974: like take reasonable care of themselves and others, Ensure all tools and equipment are in good working condition and Report accidents and potential hazards. | |This Act is very important for every one when do work most important is school. | | |GUIDELINES: Our setting responsibility is the welfare and well-being of all children in the care. Every school have local safeguarding Children Board and ensure that all staff is appropriately trained and that | |procedures are put into practice. | |My school liaises regularly with other childcare agencies, such as health visitors, the local slough, ensure that all staff is trained to recognise any signs of abuse and any concerns directed to the nursery school | |will then be treated with absolute confidentiality and sensitivity. If a child discloses, or partially discloses, an issue which raises concerns this is immediately documented in the incident book. Parental | |allegations made against a member of staff are reported to the Daily manager strict confidence, Alternatively, the parents/ carers may contact the CPLO or deputy CPLO directly. | | | |POLICIES :A number of Policies protecting the children ‘s welfare ,such as the parents complaints procedure, Lunch time policy, playground policy , Behaviour policy, lost child policy, Confidentiality policy, Major | |incident policy, staffing and employment policy. We also require the parents to sign a number of consent forms regarding outings. | |All the policy applies to staff, volunteers, visitors, etc. and there is a commitment to safe recruitment, selection and vetting through CRB checks, Reference to legislation, principal that underpins the policy. Most| |important thing is that parents and children are informed of the policy and procedures. All children have the right to protection regardless of gender, ethnicity, belief, sexuality, disability, etc. . . . | |PROCEDURES: Our policy had procedures. Procedures as they link to local safeguarding children’s board procedures. | | | |Chid Protection Procedures and systems means step-by- step guidance on what to do in different circumstances and clarification of roles and responsibilities. | | | |ANS 1. 2: Child protection and safeguarding is not same thing. Safeguarding is everything. Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. It refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect | |specific children who are suffering, significant harm or any form of abuse. The staying safe action plan covers three main areas : universal safeguarding , involving work to keep all CYP safe and create safe | |environments for them ;targeted | |Safeguarding to reduce the risks of harm like accidents, emergencies and illness etc. ; and responsive safeguarding, involving responding effectively when children are harmed. The action plan is about more than just | |preventing accidents or stopping bullying. Every child matters ‘stay safe’ keeping children safe from neglect and abuse, accidents, bullying, crime and anti-social behaviour and providing a safe and stable home | |environment. | | | |ANS 1. 3: Our national and local guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding affect day to day work with CYP. | | | |Maintanence a safe environment in class room, or playground, toilets. | |Recording all the accidents or incidents accurately. | |Informing senior colleagues correctly. | |Ensure visitors sign in correctly. | |Responding to fire alarm. | |Ensure children in a safe way. | |Deal with danger. |Check CRB | |Stopping bullying | |By having policies/guidelines in place it help day to day care | |Risk assessment: Guidelines and policies make practitioners aware that there is need to risk assess a wide range of situations within the childcare setting, on trips. | |Ensuring the voice of child or young person is heard. | | | |ANS. 1. 4: INQUIRIES Inquiries look into m atters of serious public concern. They are a tool for establishing acts and preventing something similar occurring. Inquiries are bigger than serious case reviews. | |They run by national government, public concern. They are ‘a retrospective examination of events or circumstances surrounding a service failure or problem, specially established to find out what happened, understand| |why, and learn from the experiences . | |The conclusions of the inquiry are delivered in the form of a written report, given first to the government, and soon after published for public consumption . It is through their recommendation that inquiries have | |most impact. | | | |SERIOUS CASE REVIEWS The prime purpose of a serious case review (SCR) is for agencies and individuals to learn lessons to improve the way in which they work both individually and collectively to safeguard and | |promote the welfare of children . They run by local safeguarding. |Undertaking reviews of cases where abuse or neglect of a child is known or suspected, a child has died or a child has been seriously harmed, and there is cause for concern as to the way in which the authority, their | |Board partners or other relevant persons have worked together to safeguard the child. | | | |Inquiries and Serious case reviews are required when allegations of abuse have been made against a childcare practitioner, or a CYP has been abused by a parent/carer. These are needed to make sure that the child or | |young person received the care and protection that they should have. | |Sharing the findings of these inquiries and serious case reviews enables childcare practitioners to review their practices and ensure that safeguarding policies are in place to cover any child protection issue that | |may arise. | | | | | | |Section 2: The importance of working in partnership with other organisations to safeguard CYP | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |2. 1 Explain the importance of safeguarding CYP | |2. 2 Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approach | |2. 3 Explain what is meant by ‘partnership working’ in the context of safeguardin g | |2. Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a CorYP has been abused or harmed | | | |ANS. 2. 1: The importance of safeguarding children and young people are vulnerable as they have little sense of danger and only learn to assess risks with help from adults. Any childcare practitioner should ensure | |that children in their care are not at risk of harm and neglect from negative outcomes and support all children to develop their full potential. All children deserve to grow up in a loving, secure family. | | | |ANS. 2. 2 : The importance of a child or young person centred approach: |The government has set out a positive vision of the outcomes to achieve. Some outcomes which matters most to CYP. | |Being healthy: enjoying good physical and mental health and living a healthy lifestyle. | |Staying safe: being protected from harm and neglect. | |Working with child and their family. | |Keeping the chid in focus throughout asses sments. | |Enjoying and achieving: getting the most out of life and developing skills for adulthood. | |Making a positive contribution | |Economic well-being: not being prevented by economic disadvantage from achieving their full potential in life. | | | | |ANS. 2. 3: All services for children, covering special education needs, youth offending terms, Health GP, Polices, and Social services. CAF provides a support system to allow all children who are being cared for or | |treated by a variety of different people/places to share information. This ensures that the individual child or young person receives the care required. All organisation work in partnership. | | | |ANS. 2. : The role and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a CYP has been abused or harmed : | | | |SOCIAL SERVICES – The social worker who takes on the case will be the key worker for the child or family. Staff can apply to remove a child to a place of safety or start care proceedings. RESPONSIBLE FOR †¦. | |Ensuring the child is in a safe place, Support family difficulty; investigate case of abuse, and yours cares. | |NSPCC – The organisation has qualified social worker who has powers to investigate case of abuse. | |Health – Health visitors have on – going contact with families, particularly those with very young children . They are specialists in child development. | |GP – Children may be presented with injuries or health concerns either at their local GP surgery or at the casualty department. RESPONSIBLE FOR †¦. Spotting signs of abuse and mental or physical health issue. | |POLICE – Police officers uphold the law. They have duty to protect children and to follow up any referrals or concern brought to their notice. They are very responsible for social services. The police have | |emergency powers to remove a child to a place of safety. | |SCHOOL – A designated person with responsibility for child protection issues should be named in each setting. Concerns should be taken to the designated person who will notify social services. Staffs are trained in| |child development and are able to monitor signs of change or regression. |PSYCHOLOGY SERVICE – A psychologist will become involved to help offer counselling to children and their families in any situation where are child is in need of safeguarding, or to help children deal with abuse. | | | |ANS. 3. 1 Children need to be kept safe and protected from harm to ensure happy and healthy development acros s all areas of development. | |Some reasons It’s required by law duty of carers. | |This is my purpose as T. A. | |Part of child’s human rights. | |This is my duty as T. A. | |It enables us to focus better for learning (good school, good study, good and safe environment | |By protecting children we protect own self. | | | |ANS. 3. 2 Policies and Procedures are as follows: | |Safeguarding and promoting children’s welfare | |Safeguarding Children | | | |Child protection | |Confidentiality | |Security/ Dropping off and collection | |Lost or Missing children | |Outings | |Health and safety policy | |Complaints procedure | |In the event of a fire | |Playground policy | |Behaviour policy | |Equality of opportunity in special needs, house rules | |Promoting health and hygiene | |Accident and emergency procedure/First Aid | |Administration like setting in, hours of opening, supplies, fees, payment procedures | |Partnership with other organisations ,or working with you as parents / carer | |Suitable environment and equipment | |Risk assessments | |Whistle blowing | |Duty of care | |All of the policies and procedures I have in place are to ensure that the children in my care are safe and protected, as are myself and family. | | |ANS. 3. 4: We can protect our self within our everyday practice in our s etting and when working off site. | | | |Follow all the policies and procedures, health safety, child protection, and safe working environment. | |Complete all necessary paper work correctly. | |Visitors book to be signed by visitor. | |Accident log. | |Share all information with relevant people only. | |Maintain confidently except. | |Registers for all children in attendance or head count. | |Recording times of toileting, food eaten. | |Be aware of offsite procedures. | |Follow risk assessments. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Section 3: The importance of ensuring CYP’s safety and protection in the work setting | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |3. Explain why it is important to ensure CYP are protected from harm within the work setting | |3. 2 Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect CYP and adults who work with them | |3. 3 E valuate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected | |3. Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Section 4: How to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been abused or harmed | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |4. 1:Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding | |4. 2:Describe the actions to take if a CorYP alleges harm or abuse, in line with policies and procedures in your own setting | |4. Explain the rights that CYP and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Section 5: How to respond to evidence or concerns that a CorYP has been bullied | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |5. 1 Explain different types of bullying and the potential effects on CYP | |5. Outline the policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying and explain why they are in place | |5. 3 Explain how to support a CorYP and/or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged | | | |ANS. 5. 1 : Different types of bullying are: | | | |PHYSICA BULLYING: Like pushing, kicking, pinching, hitting and other forms of violence or threats. |VERBAL BULLING: ( name calling, insults, sarcasm, spreading rumours, persistent teasing) | |EMOTIONAL BULLYING: (excluding, tormenting, ridicule, humiliation and social isolation) | |CYBER BULLING: ( the use of information and communications, technology, particularly mobile phone, use of ICT – texts, social network sites, emails, deliberately to upset someone else) | |SPECIFIC BULLING: (such as homophobic or gender- based, racist, relating to SENs and disabilities. | |Different potential effects of bulling on CYP. |Work goes down | |Self-harm | |Is frightened of walking to or from school | |Becomes withdrawn | |Lacking in confidence | |Attempts or threatens suicide or runs away | |Cries themselves to sleep at night | |Feel ill in the morning | |Self-esteem low | |Fear and anxiety | |Outbursts of anger | |Impact on physical well-being – lack of sleep, loss of appetite, headaches, | |Starts stealing money | |Become aggressive | |Stop eating | |Is afraid to use the internet or mobile phone. | |ANS. 5. : Policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying: If any bullying is suspected or there has been a complaint about bullying . Any type of bullying like | |physical bulling, emotional bul ling, specific bullying, cyber bullying, and verbal bullying I will keep a written and dated record of any comments made with regard of bullying. I will talk to all children involved | |and if necessary parents too. If appropriate and necessary, police will be called. The bullying behaviour or threats of bullying must be investigated and the bulling stopped quickly. | | | |The reasons why they are in place: | |Bullying hurts – no one deserves to be a victim of bullying. Everybody has the right to be treated with respect. Children or young people who are bullying need to learn different ways of behaving. | |Children setting and schools have a responsibility to respond promptly and effectively to issues of bullying. | | | |ANS. 5. 3: Never showing that you are in any way shocked or disgusted what may have happened to the child, so you can appear to be calm and reassuring for the child and child’s family. Always reporting anything | |serious to the correct organisations such as social workers, police, etc. Documenting any evidence or anything said by all those involved. Good communication with parents/ carers. Always dealing swiftly with any case| |of bullying as soon as you are aware of it. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |s | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Section 6: How to work with CYP to support their safety and well being | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |6. 1 Explain how to support CYP’s self-confidence and self-esteem | |6. 2 Analyse the importance of supporting resilience in CYP | |6. Explain why it is important to work with the CorYP to ensure they have strategies to protect themselves and make decisions about safety | |6. 4 Explain ways of empowering CYP to make positive and informed choices that support their well-being and safety | | | |ANS. 6. 1: To support children and young people’s self –confidence and self –esteem reward charts could be used . Verbal praise and encouragement, stickers, treats coul d include 5 minutes extra outdoor play, watching a | |film or favourite TV show, doing an activity of choice which the child has chosen. | | |ANS. 6. 2: Importance of supporting resilience in children and young people. Helping them to deal with disappointment or failure, as inevitably they will encounter this at some point. Giving them the life skills that | |help them deal with things in a positive way. Building strong relationships, showing children how to form long lasting friendship/relationships with enrich their lives and social skills. Children who have a wide | |social circle, and strong relationships with other deal with disappointment far better, and have a more positive outlook on their lives. | | |ANS. 6. 4: Ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well-being and safety: | |Listening to children and giving them opportunities to express their views, it empowers them when they know they are listened to and their opinions and ideas respected. | |Giving them opportunities to make decisions for themselves where they are able t learn about consequences etc. | |A free play e. g like different resources, and helping them learn a new skill such as dressing themselves. | |Encouraging independence like toilet. |Choosing where they want to play (indoor and outdoor) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Section 7: Understand the importance of e-safety for CYP | | | |Assessment Criteria: ( Please tick the box when you believe you have covered this in the content. | |7. Explain the risks and possible consequences for CYP of being online and using a mobile phone | |7. 2 Describe ways of reducing the risk to CYP from: | |social networking | |internet use | |buying online | |using a mobile phone | | | |ANS. 7. : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |References: | | | | | | | | | | | | | How to cite Safeguarding: Abuse and Children, Papers

Issues In Cloud Computing Security Privacy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Is The Security And Privacy In Cloud Computing? What Are The Possible Security Challenges In Cloud Computing? What Are The Measures Taken To Control The Security Issues In Cloud Computing? Answers: Introducation The cloud computing is a field of technology where the users are enabled to have access to various computing resources which includes the computers in a network, servers ,devices for storing data, application programs and the various services. The cloud computing enables the users to access those facilities very conveniently and less effort is required to manage them since they are only accessible remotely through the internet connections only. Through this technology the user is able to perform some computing work where he is given privileges of storing and doing the data processing as well where they do it if they either have private clouds services or even in other servers belonging to the third parties which are situated in the various data centers and therefore this improves the efficiency and reliability in terms of the data accessibility. Therefore the cloud computing mainly enhances the ability to share the computer resources in order to made the computing activity more economical and improve the resources utilities. Therefore through cloud computing the users are able to minimize the operation cost and makes the entrepreneurs to achieve their core goals since they dont spend more money to setup computer infrastructures nor do they spend on the costs of maintenance Challenges and problems in cloud computing. The cloud computing is highly affected by the insecurity issues in the services delivery ,however the privacy is another major issue that is related to clouds computing ,below are some of the challenges of the cloud computing. Losing of controls. The users of the cloud computing has little control over their data ,especially when the users transfers their data to the remote cloud based servers, therefore the data remains unprotected since the cloud server vendors do not give the clients privileges of controlling their data directly . Losing and breaching of data. The loss of the data by the clients is among the worst threat in the field of cloud computing ,there are various instances that the clients end up losing their data and this affects highly their business processes where the most sensitive information happen to be stolen while in the cloud servers. Data Storage and Transmission under Multiple Regional Regulations. The cloud server has an infrastructure which is mainly in distributed form and thus the data of the clients might end up being stored in various servers in different locations geographically and thus it becomes an issue to the users due to the set regulation rules set for them locally concerning their storage of data since the laws set locally might end up being violated because of the nature of the cloud servers which is dynamic. Lacking of Transparency. The cloud computing technology has a challenge with the data security ,this is because the details of the servers storing the clients data is not disclosed to the clients and no prove or facts that are provided to assure the clients on the safety of their data. Issues in relation to virtualization. The cloud computing provide the data abstraction of the data provided by the users using the physical constraints, this virtualization is however done in computing resources like the operating system, network, memories and storage devices. Issues related to the multi-tenancies. This is a situation where the cloud vendors store the data of various users in the same hard drives to cut on cost, therefore many resources in computation end up being shared by many users and client which could lead to interference of the clients data integrity. However using this multi-tenants storage they have common security measures and this can cause the clients data being compromised. Poor data Managerial Issues In the cloud computing the management is a big challenge, this is because there are chances of the vendors having a team of employees who are malicious insiders and they might end up violating the clients data. In most instances the challenge of management are not much technical and this prevents management of the technical issues together. Using the cloud technology however requires the managers to be skilled enough but not having general operations and this end up making the management more complicated and risky in organizations using the cloud technology. However the managers are also restricted from having the direct access to the computational data and the other types of resources stored in the cloud servers. Relevant Technologies The information technology is currently growing very fast where many technology are being introduced among them is cloud technology which is set to use the internet which is highly being adopted by many companies and businesses (Thomas, 2015). The cloud computing however utilizes the ability to do computer facilities outsourcing; therefore it enables the clients to make use of applications which are stored in remote cloud servers. The cloud server provides the services to the users and the clients do not require caring for things like the storage space power sources and other resources required. The cloud computing is however implemented using the various technologies as below. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) This is a technology used by the cloud computing and it is used in the hosting of infrastructures which entails the hardware ,programs, the server and storage media ,however it provided the clients with the data back-ups ,maintain data security and ensure the system is maintained. Software as a Service (SaaS). This is a technology where the cloud computing provides the users with access of the programs which includes the browsers and the clients are able to use them very easily. Platform as a Service (PaaS) This is another cloud computing technology that through it the users are able to do the development, running, and management of the application programs where the clients dont have to labor much in program codes writing, finding the storage space and other hardware as well, however some of the paas are managed by the vendors while some are hosted in servers which are private and are managed by the clients themselves. Applications of the Cloud computing The cloud computing is one of the fields which are termed to be the best in the field of computing where it is effective way of cutting on costs ,improved flexibilities and optimization in terms of utilizing the computing resources . Below are some of the applications of the cloud computing: Applications testing and developments. The cloud computing is used to do the development of the applications and also their testing which will cut on the budget for development since there is no extra resources needed by the clients . This reduces need to do installations or further configuration of the development environment which provides the resources which are virtual by nature. Big data analytics The cloud computing has a great ability to hold and do analysis of large amount of data which are in various forms ,therefore the technology gives the clients ability to extract some meaningful information obtained from a very huge set of the data (Rajkumar, 2014). Good File storage The cloud computing technology had the ability to do the storage of file and allows the clients to access them as well where they access the stored file by help of the web based applications. These website interfaces have various qualities since they are highly available, of high speed ,scalable ,and provides the required security in the clients environments. However while using the cloud computing the clients do not have worry since the only expense incurred is only for the files storage space and no any other expenditure like the maintenance costs and so on. Ease in disasters recovery The cloud computing is also used in the discovery of the system disasters that may arise to the institutions local systems this ensures that the organizations recover their assets with ease where few steps are involved and low cost is incurred. Data backups The cloud computing had simplified the backing up of data since the tradition times the process was costly, time consuming and very tedious where the clients used to buy the backup media which was quite expensive, however the cloud computing enables the clients to backup the data automatically for the clients, this data will be used in case the clients looses their data. Summarized issues discussed in the forum The discussion concerning the cloud computing security issues was vital since the cloud computing is a major technology and uses major standards ,however the main issues discussed is the various technologies used in the implementation of the cloud computing where we found they are three like the Iaas,saas and paas technologies. However we noted there are various limitations that faces the success of the cloud computing which included chances of loss of data ,lack of control and the breaching of the clients data by some malicious users. Then it is clear that the cloud technologies are also involved with various applications which includes the easy backup ,ease in storage of files and enable clients to recover from disasters with ease. How posts contributed to this knowledge According to the research that I conducted the information provided by the peers is fully accurate since my contribution as also about the same issues which were as follows. The cloud computing mainly used technologies are the Iaas,saas and paas ,however there were number of challenges faced in the cloud computing which were loss of data ,lack of control and the breaching of the clients data by some malicious users (John, 2014). The cloud computing also has a number of applications which were the easy backup, ease in storage of files and enabling the clients to recover from disasters with ease. Important issue that was not addressed. The issue of cloud computing which is not discussed is the issue relating to the measures to be taken to control the security issues in the cloud computing which is very important. Importance of these issues. The issues relating to the control measure taken to control the security issues is very vitals since it enables the clients and the vendors how to cater for various aspects like : How to enforce the privacy in the users data storages. How to enforce security to the users data during the runtime. How to enforce data privacies during its transmission through the networks. The type of the authentications and authorizations required for data access. Impact and application/impact of these issues in the real world. The cloud security and privacy is one of the major roles in the field of computing however the issue of control of the issues of insecurity has various impacts which includes the following: Maintenance of the data integrity. This is where the data due to the security instilled is not interfered with and thus the data maintains its originality. Prevent data loss. Through the data security measures the chance of losing the data is very low and thus the business owners do not need to in cure more expense in data recovery . Control of the breach of the data and information. This is where the security measures taken will eventually hider the malicious people from interfering with data of the clients or causing any alterations (Judith , 2016).. Reflection of important lessons learnt From the research conducted about the cloud computing there are various observations and lessons that I learnt, these lessons can be summarized as below point. The cloud computing technology is one of the best technologies since it is used to offer services to the clients at a relatively low cost where no extra expense is incurred. The cloud computing is associated with various challenges since it have some limitations to the clients since they lack full control of their data, there are chance of breach of the data and also the clients are at risk of losing their data. The cloud computing can be improved by improving the data security and also giving the clients more privileges to access the data References Judith ,H.(2016).Cloud Computing For Dummies, Australia: John Wiley Sons. John,R.(2014).Cloud Computing Explained, U.K: Recursive the Limited. Rajkumar ,B.(2014).Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms (Wiley Series on Parallel and Distributed Computing),Australia: Wiley-Blackwell. Thomas,E.(2015).Cloud Computing: Concepts, Technology Architecture, U.S: Prentice Hall